最近在学习python 时，用到了发送邮件的操作，通过整理总结如下：

　　

   　　一、相关模块介绍

    　　发送邮件主要用到了smtplib和email两个模块，这里首先就两个模块进行一下简单的介绍：

   　　 smtplib模块

     　　 smtplib.SMTP([host[, port[, local_hostname[, timeout]]]])

　  　　SMTP类构造函数，表示与SMTP服务器之间的连接，通过这个连接可以向smtp服务器发送指令，执行相关操作（如：登陆、发送邮件）。所有参数都是可选的。

    　　 host：smtp服务器主机名

     　　port：smtp服务的端口，默认是25；如果在创建SMTP对象的时候提供了这两个参数，在初始化的时候会自动调用connect方法去连接服务器。

　  　　smtplib模块还提供了SMTP_SSL类和LMTP类，对它们的操作与SMTP基本一致。

 

　　　smtplib.SMTP提供的方法：

    　　 SMTP.set_debuglevel(level)：设置是否为调试模式。默认为False，即非调试模式，表示不输出任何调试信息。

    　　 SMTP.connect([host[, port]])：连接到指定的smtp服务器。参数分别表示smpt主机和端口。注意: 也可以在host参数中指定端口号（如：smpt.yeah.net:25），这样就没必要给出port参数。

     　　SMTP.docmd(cmd[, argstring])：向smtp服务器发送指令。可选参数argstring表示指令的参数。

     　　SMTP.helo([hostname]) ：使用"helo"指令向服务器确认身份。相当于告诉smtp服务器“我是谁”。

     　　SMTP.has_extn(name)：判断指定名称在服务器邮件列表中是否存在。出于安全考虑，smtp服务器往往屏蔽了该指令。

     　　SMTP.verify(address) ：判断指定邮件地址是否在服务器中存在。出于安全考虑，smtp服务器往往屏蔽了该指令。

    　　 SMTP.login(user, password) ：登陆到smtp服务器。现在几乎所有的smtp服务器，都必须在验证用户信息合法之后才允许发送邮件。

     　　SMTP.sendmail(from_addr, to_addrs, msg[, mail_options, rcpt_options]) ：发送邮件。这里要注意一下第三个参数，msg是字符串，表示邮件。我们知道邮件一般由标题，发信人，收件人，邮件内容，

　　　附件等构成，发送邮件的时候，要注意msg的格式。这个格式就是smtp协议中定义的格式。

     　　SMTP.quit() ：断开与smtp服务器的连接，相当于发送"quit"指令。（很多程序中都用到了smtp.close()，具体与quit的区别google了一下，也没找到答案。）

     　　email模块

     　　emial模块用来处理邮件消息，包括MIME和其他基于RFC 2822 的消息文档。使用这些模块来定义邮件的内容，是非常简单的。其包括的类有（更加详细的介绍可见：）：

   　　 class email.mime.base.MIMEBase(_maintype, _subtype, **_params)：这是MIME的一个基类。一般不需要在使用时创建实例。其中_maintype是内容类型，如text或者image。

　　　_subtype是内容的minor type 类型，如plain或者gif。 **_params是一个字典，直接传递给Message.add_header()。

    　　class email.mime.multipart.MIMEMultipart([_subtype[, boundary[, _subparts[, _params]]]]：MIMEBase的一个子类，多个MIME对象的集合，_subtype默认值为mixed。boundary是MIMEMultipart的边界，默认边界是可数的。

    　　class email.mime.application.MIMEApplication(_data[, _subtype[, _encoder[, **_params]]])：MIMEMultipart的一个子类。

   　　 class email.mime.audio. MIMEAudio(_audiodata[, _subtype[, _encoder[, **_params]]])： MIME音频对象

    　　class email.mime.image.MIMEImage(_imagedata[, _subtype[, _encoder[, **_params]]])：MIME二进制文件对象。

 

　　二、普通文本邮件

　　普通文本邮件发送的实现，关键是要将MIMEText中_subtype设置为plain，首先导入smtplib和mimetext，创建smtplib.smtp实例，connect邮件smtp服务器，login后发送，具体代码如下：（python2.7下实现）

具体代码如下：

　　

 

　　二、html邮件的发送

    与text邮件不同之处就是将将MIMEText中_subtype设置为html。具体代码如下：（python2.7下实现）

 

  　　三、发送带附件的邮件

    发送带附件的邮件，首先要创建MIMEMultipart()实例，然后构造附件，如果有多个附件，可依次构造，最后利用smtplib.smtp发送。

　　

def SendMailAttach(self, mail_tolist, mail_subject, mail_body, fileList, mail_cclist):        '''        发送带附件的邮件        :param mail_tolist: 接收者邮件列表，如:['xiaoli@sina.com','xiaoMa@qq.com']        :param mail_subject: 邮件主题        :param mail_body: 邮件体主题内容        :param fileList: 附件列表，就文件名列表（包含路径）        :param mail_cclist: 抄送邮件列表，如:['xiaoli@sina.com','xiaoMa@qq.com']，默认不传        :param mail_bcclist: 密送邮件列表，如:['xiaoli@sina.com','xiaoMa@qq.com']，默认不传        :return:        '''        msg = MIMEMultipart()        message = MIMEText(mail_body, _subtype='plain', _charset='utf-8')        msg.attach(message)        # 构造附件        for f in fileList:            if os.path.isfile(f):                att = MIMEText(open(f, 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')                att["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'                att["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment;filename=' + os.path.basename(f)                msg.attach(att)        msg['Subject'] = mail_subject        msg['From'] = self.mail_sender        msg['To'] = ",".join(mail_tolist)        if len(mail_cclist) > 0:            msg['Cc'] = ",".join(mail_cclist)            mail_tolist.extend(mail_cclist)        # if len(mail_bcclist) > 0:        #     msg['Bcc'] = ",".join(mail_bcclist)        #     mail_tolist.extend(mail_bcclist)        message = ''        try:            server = smtplib.SMTP()            server.connect(self.mail_host)            server.login(self.mail_user, self.mail_pass)            server.sendmail(self.mail_sender, mail_tolist, msg.as_string())            server.close()            result = '邮件发送成功'        except smtplib.SMTPException as e:            # print "Error: 无法发送邮件", e            message = 'Error: 无法发送邮件:'        return message

 

　　四、完整的代码如

　　

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-import osimport smtplibimport timefrom email.mime.text import MIMETextfrom email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipartfrom email.mime.image import MIMEImageimport mail_settingclass Mail:    '''    self.mail_host = "smtp.sina.com"  # 设置服务器    self.mail_user = "xiaowang"  # 用户名    self.mail_pass = "XXXXX"  # 口令    self.mail_sender = 'xiaowang@sina.com'  # 发送者    '''    def __init__(self, mail_host="210.77.136.200", mail_user="user", mail_pass="pass",                 mail_sender="da山
      
       ", port=465):        # 第三方 SMTP 服务        self.mail_host = mail_host        self.mail_user = mail_user        self.mail_pass = mail_pass        self.mail_sender = mail_sender        self.port = port    def SendHtmlMail(self, mail_tolist, mail_subject, mail_body, fileList, mail_cclist, mail_bcclist):        '''        发送Html邮件        :param mail_tolist: 接收者邮件列表，如:['xiaoli@sina.com','xiaoMa@qq.com']        :param mail_subject: 邮件主题        :param mail_body: 邮件体主题内容        :param fileList: 附件列表，就文件名列表（包含路径）        :param mail_cclist: 抄送邮件列表，如:['xiaoli@sina.com','xiaoMa@qq.com']，默认不传        :param mail_bcclist: 密送邮件列表，如:['xiaoli@sina.com','xiaoMa@qq.com']，默认不传        :return:        '''        message = MIMEText(mail_body, _subtype='html', _charset='gb2312')        message['Subject'] = mail_subject        message['From'] = self.mail_sender        if len(mail_cclist) > 0:            message['Cc'] = ",".join(mail_cclist)            mail_tolist.extend(mail_cclist)        if len(mail_bcclist) > 0:            message['Bcc'] = ",".join(mail_bcclist)            mail_tolist.extend(mail_bcclist)        try:            smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP(self.mail_host, self.port)            # smtpObj.connect(self.mail_host, 25)  # 25 为 SMTP 端口号            # smtpObj.login(self.mail_user, self.mail_pass)            smtpObj.sendmail(self.mail_sender, mail_tolist, message.as_string())            smtpObj.close()            print("邮件发送成功")        except smtplib.SMTPException as e:            print("Error: 无法发送邮件")    def SendMailAttach(self, mail_tolist, mail_subject, mail_body, fileList, mail_cclist):        '''        发送带附件的邮件        :param mail_tolist: 接收者邮件列表，如:['xiaoli@sina.com','xiaoMa@qq.com']        :param mail_subject: 邮件主题        :param mail_body: 邮件体主题内容        :param fileList: 附件列表，就文件名列表（包含路径）        :param mail_cclist: 抄送邮件列表，如:['xiaoli@sina.com','xiaoMa@qq.com']，默认不传        :param mail_bcclist: 密送邮件列表，如:['xiaoli@sina.com','xiaoMa@qq.com']，默认不传        :return:        '''        msg = MIMEMultipart()        message = MIMEText(mail_body, _subtype='plain', _charset='utf-8')        msg.attach(message)        # 构造附件        for f in fileList:            if os.path.isfile(f):                att = MIMEText(open(f, 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')                att["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'                att["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment;filename=' + os.path.basename(f)                msg.attach(att)        msg['Subject'] = mail_subject        msg['From'] = self.mail_sender        msg['To'] = ",".join(mail_tolist)        if len(mail_cclist) > 0:            msg['Cc'] = ",".join(mail_cclist)            mail_tolist.extend(mail_cclist)        # if len(mail_bcclist) > 0:        #     msg['Bcc'] = ",".join(mail_bcclist)        #     mail_tolist.extend(mail_bcclist)        message = ''        try:            server = smtplib.SMTP()            server.connect(self.mail_host)            server.login(self.mail_user, self.mail_pass)            server.sendmail(self.mail_sender, mail_tolist, msg.as_string())            server.close()            result = '邮件发送成功'        except smtplib.SMTPException as e:            # print "Error: 无法发送邮件", e            message = 'Error: 无法发送邮件:'        return message    def SendMail(self, mail_subject, mail_body, mail_tolist,mail_cclist):        '''        发送普通邮件        :param mail_tolist: 接收者邮件列表，如:['xiaoli@sina.com','xiaoMa@qq.com']        :param mail_subject: 邮件主题        :param mail_body: 邮件体主题内容        :param fileList: 附件列表，就文件名列表（包含路径）        :param mail_cclist: 抄送邮件列表，如:['xiaoli@sina.com','xiaoMa@qq.com']，默认不传        :param mail_bcclist: 密送邮件列表，如:['xiaoli@sina.com','xiaoMa@qq.com']，默认不传        :return:        '''        message = MIMEText(mail_body, _subtype='plain', _charset='utf-8')        message['Subject'] = mail_subject        message['From'] = self.mail_sender        if mail_tolist:            message['To'] = ",".join(mail_tolist)        if len(mail_cclist) > 0:            message['Cc'] = ",".join(mail_cclist)            mail_tolist.extend(mail_cclist)        result = ''        try:            server = smtplib.SMTP()            server.connect(self.mail_host)            server.login(self.mail_user,self.mail_pass)            server.sendmail(self.mail_sender, mail_tolist, message.as_string())            server.close()            result = '邮件发送成功'            # print "邮件发送成功"        except smtplib.SMTPException as e:            result = 'Error: 无法发送邮件'        return result    def test(self,mail_body,mail_subject,mail_sendto_user,fileName):        fileList = []        fileList.append(fileName)        mail_tolist = []        mail_tolist.append(mail_sendto_user)        # 多个人，中间用逗号分隔        # cc_tolist = ['xx
       
        ','dd
        
         ']        cc_tolist =[]        mail_bcclist = []        # result = self.SendMail( mail_subject, mail_body, mail_tolist,cc_tolist)        result = self.SendMailAttach(mail_tolist,mail_subject, mail_body,fileList, cc_tolist)        return resultsetobj = mail_setting.mail_setting()m = Mail(setobj.mail_host,setobj.mail_user,setobj.mail_pass,setobj.mail_send_user,setobj.port)# result = m.test('信息1',u'小测试测试',setobj.mail_receive_user)fileName="D:\\work\\python36_crawl\\src\\2018-07-02-14-01-55.csv"result = m.test('信息1',u'小测试测试',setobj.mail_receive_user,fileName)print (result)
        
       
      

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-# 配置文件类class mail_setting:    def __init__(self):               #由于机器端口控制，目前只能用公司邮箱        # 邮件端口        # self.port = 465        self.port = 465        # 邮件服务器地址        self.mail_host = '210.77.136.200'        # 接收人邮件地址（需要修改）改成你自己的，发送人和接收人可以用一个地址        self.mail_receive_user = '360648011@qq.com'        # self.mail_receive_user = 'shaodd@sina.com'        # 发送人邮件地址（需要修改）改成你自己的，        self.mail_send_user='user@ctrchina.cn'        #邮件登录用户名 （需要修改）        self.mail_user = 'user'        # 登录用密码（需要修改）        self.mail_pass = "password"

 

 　　另一例子

from email import encodersfrom email.header import Headerfrom email.mime.text import MIMETextfrom email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipartfrom email.utils import parseaddr,formataddrimport smtplibimport os# 最终结果通过Email发送def _format_addr(s):    name, addr = parseaddr(s)    return formataddr((Header(name,'utf-8').encode(),addr))def Me_email(from_addr,password,to_addr,smtp_server,title,mail_body,fileList):    # msg = MIMEText('%s' % (result),'plain','utf-8')            # 邮件显示内容    msg = MIMEMultipart()    message = MIMEText(mail_body, _subtype='plain', _charset='utf-8')    msg.attach(message)    msg['From'] = _format_addr('ICTR <%s>' % from_addr)                # 邮件发送人    # msg['To'] = _format_addr('管理员 <%s>' % to_addr)    msg['To']="289061792@qq.com,334028056@qq.com"    msg['Cc'] = "aaa1@ctrchina.cn"    # msg['To'] = _format_addr('360648056@qq.com')    msg['Subject'] = Header('%s' % (title),'utf-8').encode()        # 邮件title    for f in fileList:        if os.path.isfile(f):            att = MIMEText(open(f, 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')            att["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'            att["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment;filename=' + os.path.basename(f)            msg.attach(att)    server = smtplib.SMTP(smtp_server,587)    server.set_debuglevel(1)    server.login(from_addr,password)    # server.sendmail(from_addr,[to_addr,'289061791@qq.com','360648056@qq.com'],msg.as_string())    lst ="shaoks@ctrchina.cn,289061791@qq.com,360648056@qq.com".split(',')    server.sendmail(from_addr, lst, msg.as_string())    server.quit()# for f in fileList:#     if os.path.isfile(f):#         att = MIMEText(open(f, 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')#         att["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'#         att["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment;filename=' + os.path.basename(f)#         msg.attach(att)# 输入Email地址和口令from_addr = 'xx@ctrchina.CN'    # 发送邮件的邮箱账号password = '@8ddr'                # 发送邮件的邮箱密码,无需提供to_addr = 'shaoks@ctrchina.cn'        # 接收邮件的邮箱账号smtp_server = '211.71.136.200'        # 发送邮件邮箱的STMP服务器地址title = '金融时报和第一财经日报今天数据'mail_body = '问好：\n\n          附件是金融时报和第一财经日报今天的采集数据\n\n          有问题，请及时联系，谢谢。'fileList = []fileName = "E:\\News\\2018-09-28.csv"fileList.append(fileName)fileName = "E:\\News\\2018-09-29.csv"fileList.append(fileName)Me_email(from_addr,password,to_addr,smtp_server,title,mail_body,fileList)

 

from email import encodersfrom email.header import Headerfrom email.mime.text import MIMETextfrom email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipartfrom email.utils import parseaddr,formataddrimport smtplibimport datetimeimport osimport mail_settingclass Mail:    def __init__(self):        pass    def init(self):        setobj = mail_setting.mail_setting()        # 邮件服务器IP        self.mail_host = setobj.mail_host        # 邮件服务器端口:587        self.port = setobj.mail_port        # 发送人        self.mail_send = setobj.mail_send        # 邮件发送人登录密码        self.mail_pass = setobj.mail_pass        # 介绍人，多个以逗号分隔        self.mail_receive = str(setobj.mail_receive)        # 抄送，多个以逗号分隔        self.mail_chao = str(setobj.mail_chao)        # 邮件主题内容        self.mail_subject = setobj.mail_subject        # 邮件体内容        self.mail_body = setobj.mail_body        # 发送的附件路径        self.attachmentFileDir = setobj.attachmentFileDir    # 最终结果通过Email发送    def _format_addr(self, s):        name, addr = parseaddr(s)        return formataddr((Header(name, 'utf-8').encode(), addr))    def Me_email(self, from_addr, password, to_addr, to_chao, smtp_server, title, mail_body, fileList):        # msg = MIMEText('%s' % (result),'plain','utf-8')            # 邮件显示内容        msg = MIMEMultipart()        message = MIMEText(mail_body, _subtype='plain', _charset='utf-8')        msg.attach(message)        msg['From'] = self._format_addr('ICTR <%s>' % from_addr)  # 邮件发送人        # msg['To'] = _format_addr('管理员 <%s>' % to_addr)        msg['To'] = to_addr        if to_chao:            msg['Cc'] = to_chao        msg['Subject'] = Header('%s' % (title), 'utf-8').encode()  # 邮件title        for f in fileList:            if os.path.isfile(f):                att = MIMEText(open(f, 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')                att["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'                att.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=('gbk', '', os.path.basename(f)))                msg.attach(att)        server = smtplib.SMTP(smtp_server, 587)        # server.set_debuglevel(1)        server.login(from_addr, password)        # server.sendmail(from_addr,[to_addr,'22906172@qq.com','333348056@qq.com'],msg.as_string())        lst = "xx@ctrchina.cn,22906172@qq.com,333348056@qq.com".split(',')        server.sendmail(from_addr, lst, msg.as_string())        server.quit()    def SendMail(self, mail_tolist, mail_cclist, fileList):        ''' 发送邮件                  :param mail_tolist: 接收者邮件列表，如:['xiaoli@sina.com','xiaoMa@qq.com']                  :param mail_cclist: 抄送列表，同上                  :param fileList: 文件列表，同上              '''        try:            msg = MIMEMultipart()            message = MIMEText(self.mail_body, _subtype='plain', _charset='utf-8')            msg.attach(message)            msg['Subject'] = self.mail_subject            msg['From'] = self._format_addr('ICTR <%s>' % self.mail_send)            if mail_tolist:                msg['To'] = ",".join(mail_tolist)            if len(mail_cclist) > 0:                msg['Cc'] = ",".join(mail_cclist)                mail_tolist.extend(mail_cclist)            if fileList:                for f in fileList:                    if os.path.isfile(f):                        att = MIMEText(open(f, 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')                        att["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'                        att.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=('gbk', '', os.path.basename(f)))                        msg.attach(att)            server = smtplib.SMTP(self.mail_host, self.port)            # 调试状态设置            # server.set_debuglevel(1)            server.login(self.mail_send, self.mail_pass)            server.sendmail(self.mail_send, mail_tolist, msg.as_string())            server.quit()        except smtplib.SMTPException as e:            print("Error: 无法发送邮件")    def test(self):        self.init()        fileList = []        dt = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d")        fileName = '金融时报_' + dt + '.csv'        fileName = os.path.join(self.attachmentFileDir, fileName)        if os.path.exists(fileName):            fileList.append(fileName)        fileName = '第一财经日报_' + dt + '.csv'        fileName = os.path.join(self.attachmentFileDir, fileName)        if os.path.exists(fileName):            fileList.append(fileName)        # 如果没有附件就不发邮件        if fileList:            mail_tolist = []            if self.mail_receive.find(",") > 0:                users = self.mail_receive.split(",")                for user in users:                    mail_tolist.append(user)            else:                mail_tolist.append(self.mail_receive)            mail_cclist = []            if self.mail_chao:                if self.mail_chao.find(",") > 0:                    users = self.mail_chao.split(",")                    for user in users:                        mail_cclist.append(user)                else:                    mail_cclist.append(self.mail_chao)            self.SendMail(mail_tolist, mail_cclist, fileList)